I have seen a couple of texts referring to what appears to be the Heimlich Manoeuvre among the methods of resuscitation* taught in some schools of jujutsu (and consequently, judo).
What is surprising is that these descriptions are from over 80 years prior to Heimlich's first description of the technique:†
The simplest method of resuscitating a man who had been choked was to embrace the patient from the back, and, placing those edges of the palms of both hands which are opposite the thumb to the lower part of the abdomen, to push it up towards the operator's own body with those edges.
Another plan was to place the patient on the ground and push up the abdomen.
- Japanese Fighting: Self-Defence By Sleight Of Body, G. B. Burgin (1892)
This quote seems to imply that there were distinct techniques similar to:
- the Heimlich manoeuvre (abdominal thrusts) "sasoi katsu"
- CPR (chest compressions) "eri katsu / so katsu"
Were abdominal thrusts used for resuscitation in jujutsu? If so, when was this technique invented?
* Known as 活法 (kappō) or simply 活 (katsu, historically spelled kuatsu).
† Additional contemporary references:
The operator kneels on one knee immediately behind the patient, whom he lifts to a semi-sitting posture, placing his (the operator's) knee between and slightly below the patient's shoulder blades in the cardiac region, then brings his hands forward over the patient's chest, and then gives them a powerful jerk backward.
• Revived by Jiu-Jitsu, The New York Times (1910)
The Japanese during their course in Jiu-jitsu are taught eleven different methods of resuscitating the fainting. Apparently part of their methods are based upon compression of the abdomen.
• American Physical Education Review, Volume 12, Issue 1 (1907)
... placing the base of the operator's thumbs against the lower part of the abdomen and vigorously pushing upward a number of times.
• Outing: Sport, Adventure, Travel, Fiction, Volume 41 (1903)