How has Kodokan technique classification changed over the years?

Question

Over the years several new techniques have been added to the Kodokan judo syllabus, and some variants of existing techniques have since gained their own official names.

How has technique classification evolved over the years?

Answer 1

1895

Original 41 throwing techniques compiled (Gokyō no waza):

• Dai Ikkyō: Hiza Guruma, Sasae Tsurikomi Ashi, Uki Goshi, Tai Otoshi, Ō Soto Gari, De Ashi Barai, Yoko Otoshi
• Dai Nikkyō: Sumi Gaeshi, Ō Goshi, Ko Soto Gari, Koshi Guruma, Seoi Nage, Tomoe Nage, Tani Otoshi
• Dai Sankyō: Okuri Ashi Barai, Harai Goshi, Ushiro Goshi, Ura Nage, Uchi Mata, Obi Otoshi, Hane Goshi
• Dai Yonkyō: Uki Otoshi, Uki Waza, Daki Wakare, Kata Guruma, Hikkomi Gaeshi, Soto Makikomi, Tsuri Goshi, Utsuri Goshi, Ō Soto Otoshi, Tawara Gaeshi
• Dai Gokyō: Yoko Guruma, Yoko Wakare, Uchi Makikomi, Ko Uchi Gari, Ashi Guruma, Seoi Otoshi, Yoko Gake, Harai Tsurikomi Ashi, Yama Arashi, Ō Soto Guruma

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~1911

One new technique added to Dai Gokyō (41 total, Kyū Gokyō no waza):

• ➕ Tsurikomi-goshi

  Total: 42 nage-waza

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1920

8 techniques removed from Gokyō Habukareta waza

• ➖ Obi otoshi, Seoi otoshi, Yama arashi, Osoto otoshi, Daki wakare, Hikikomi gaeshi, Tawara gaeshi, Uchi makikomi

6 techniques added (40 total, Shin Gokyō no waza):

• ➕ Hane-makikomi, Ko-soto-gake, O-guruma, O-uchi-gari, Sukui-nage, Sumi-otoshi

Katame-waza formalised:

• Osaekomi-waza: Hon-kesa-gatame, Kuzure-kesa-gatame, Kata-gatame, Kami-shiho-gatame, Kuzure-kami-shiho-gatame, Yoko-shiho-gatame, Tate-shiho-gatame
• Shime-waza: Nami-juji-jime, Gyaku-juji-jime, Kata-juji-jime, Hadaka-jime, Okuri-eri-jime, Kata-ha-jime, Do-jime
• Kansetsu-waza: Ude-garami, Ude-hishigi-juji-gatame, Ude-hishigi-ude-gatame, Ude-hishigi-hiza-gatame, Ude-hishigi-waki-gatame, Ude-hishigi-hara-gatame, Ashi-garami

⚠️ Do-jime, Ashi-garami prohibited in competition

Total: 48 nage-waza, 21 katame-waza

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01/04/1982

17 new techniques added Shin meishō no tachi-waza:

• ➕ Morote-gari, Kuchiki-taoshi, Kibisu-gaeshi, Uchi-mata-sukashi, Kouchi-gaeshi
• ➕ Daki-age
• ➕ Tsubame-gaeshi, Osoto-gaeshi, Ouchi-gaeshi, Hane-goshi-gaeshi, Harai-goshi-gaeshi, Uchi-mata-gaeshi
• ➕ Kani-basami, Osoto-makikomi, Uchi-mata-makikomi, Harai-makikomi, Kawazu-gake

⚠️ Daki-age, Kani-basami, Kawazu-gake prohibited in competition

Total: 65 nage-waza, 21 katame-waza

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01/02/1985

8 new techniques added Shin meishō no katame-waza:

• ➕ Sode-guruma-jime, Kata-te-jime, Ryo-te-jime, Tsukkomi-jime, Sankaku-jime

• ➕ Ude-hishigi-ashi-gatame, Ude-hishigi-te-gatame, Ude-hishigi-sankaku-gatame

  Total: 65 nage-waza, 29 katame-waza

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01/04/1997

Two technique variants given own classifications:

• ➕ Ippon-seoi-nage, Sode-tsurikomi-goshi

• ♻️ Hon-kesa-gatame renamed Kesa-gatame

  Total: 67 nage-waza, 29 katame-waza

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01/04/2017

• ➕ Obi-tori-gaeshi, Kouchi-maki-komi
• ➕ Ushiro-kesa-gatame, Uki-gatame, Ura-gatame

• ➖ Daki-age

  Total: 68 nage-waza, 32 katame-waza

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Sources:

^{• 柔道の技名称について (kodokanjudoinstitute.org)
• 講道館柔道　技名称一覧 (English)
• Creatividad y deporte: Consideraciones teóricas e investigaciones breves
• The Principles of Osaekomi in Kodokan Judo, The Kano Society Bulletin (2019)
• IJF referee Seminar Malaga 2014, Rules presentation}