How are chokes/strangles classified in Judo?

Question

The Kodokan has numerous materials detailing the canonical versions of their shime-waza along with several variations. However, there are a large number of competition chokes (and novel chokes imported from BJJ) which are not covered. How are these classified?

Answer 1

Below is a list of chokes and how they fall into the 12 current Kodokan shime-waza classifications. Note that like with certain throws, there is often debate as to whether certain choke applications fall into one category or another (e.g. okuri-eri-jime vs kata-te-jime).

• Techniques denoted with an asterisk are not competition legal (* ^{† ‡}).
• Letter superscripts represent examples in competition ( ^{a b c} ).
• Number superscripts represent referenced materials ( ^{1 2 3} ).
• code denote positions technique is applied from.

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Kodokan shime-waza and their variations

Arm chokes:

Kodokan name	Variations
Sode-guruma-jime	- Standard (Ezequiel choke) - Arm in Ezequiel - Baseball choke with sleeve grip - No-gi Ezequiel - Wrist-control no-gi Ezequiel
Hadaka-jime	from behind - Short wrist choke Gable grip - Rear Naked Choke Biceps grip from sprawl - Mae-hadaka-jime (Guillotine) from pin - North South choke* using leg - Kagato-jime (Pillory choke / Heel choke) - Ashikubi-jime (Gogoplata / Ankle choke)

Leg chokes:

Kodokan name	Variations
Dō-jime*
Sankaku-jime	- Omote-sankaku 4 - Yoko-sankaku 4 - Inverted triangle - Back Triangle

Cross-collar chokes:

Kodokan name	Variations
Nami-jūji-jime
Gyaku-jūji-jime	- Standard a - With leg assist a
Kata-jūji-jime	- Standard - Baseball choke ("Batto" jime / Ura-juji-jime) - Brabo choke - Tomoe-jime 5 - Collar and arm choke

Collar chokes:

Kodokan name	Variations
Okuri-eri-jime a	from behind - okuri-eri-jime - Collar and arm choke 3 from sprawl - Tawara-jime 11 (Inverted) - Koshi-jime (Yoko-jime / Clock choke) a - Bow-and-Arrow choke a b c d → (with leg assist) → (Rolling entry) (Kaiten- / Oten- / British choke)1 a b c from pin - Jigoku-jime → Ashi-kake-jigoku-jime (with leg assist) Loop chokes - Kote-jime 2 4 a (Kote- / Ude-shibori / Ushiro-kata-ha-jime) - Nezumi-tori (Loop choke grabbing leg) → Gator roll a
Kata-te-jime	- Kyo-jime (Breadcutter choke holding belt) a b c - Itachi-jime (Loop choke holding belt) a Leg/collar choke - Kata-te-kata-ashi-jime a - Ashi-jime (Canto choke)
Tsukkomi-jime	- Thrust choke - Necktie-jime
Kata-ha-jime	- Standard a - Inverted (from sprawl) - Ōten-jime (Rolling entry) 5
Ryo-te-jime	- Standard - Kani-jime ‡ (with leg assist)

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Non-Kodokan chokes

Technique	Variations
Arm triangle	From sprawl - D'Arce choke → Ungvári turnover - Anaconda choke → Gator roll - Peruvian necktie‡ From pin - Kata-gatame - North-South choke Arm in - Von Flue choke
Body compressions	- Kesa-gatame - Uki-gatame / Knee on belly
Ashi-jime	- Kagato-jime pulling lapels - Neck scissors‡ - Shin choke
Suso-jime	- Gerbi choke† - Baseball choke
Obi-jime†

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Notes:

<sup>1. Rolling entry sometimes referred to as kaiten-jime / oten-jime. Often misspelled "othen-jime", presumably from misreading "oh-ten" (大転, "big turn") as "o-then".
2. Ude-shibori seems to be just an alternate reading of the same characters for ude-jime (reading 絞 as shiboru as opposed to shimeru).</sup>

Sources:

<sup>3. Jiu-Jitsu University, Saulo Ribeiro (2008)
4. Fighting Judo, Katsuhiko Kashiwazaki (1984)
5. Ma méthode de judo, Mikonosuke Kawaishi (1952)
6. Komlock! Judo newaza of Koji Komuro (2012) (video series)
7. Judo Encyclopedia (1999)
8. Kodokan Judo Video Series Vol. 3 - Katame-waza: Various Techniques and their Names (1994)
9. "Introduction to Judo Shime-Waza" - Baseball Magazine, Katsuhiko Kashiwazaki, Koji Komuro (2010)
10. Newaza of Kashiwazaki (1998) (video series)
11. Canon of Judo, Kyuzo Mifune (video)</sup>

^{- https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/絞め技}

Fouls:

^{* It is never allowed to hold an osaekomi just around the head/neck without control of at least one arm.}

^{† To apply shime-waza using either your own or your opponent’s belt or bottom of the jacket or using only the fingers.}

^{‡ To apply leg scissors to the opponent’s trunk (dojime), neck or head (scissor with crossed feet, while stretching out the legs). In shime-waza (e.g. ryote -jime) it is forbidden to use the legs to assist the grip.}

^{- IJF Sport and Organisation Rules}